新冠肺炎疫情 COVID-19 (Pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus )

2020年年初，一場疫情肆虐。我們來看下這個影響了世界的病毒有哪些特點。

1.病毒特點

The virus features

COVID-19 is a new pathogen, which is highly contagious and can spread quickly

該病毒是一種新的病原體，傳染性強、傳播速度快

2. 病毒屬性

Zoonotic origins

COVID-19 is a zoonotic virus, meaning it originated from animals

動物源性病毒

Early cases are believed to be infected from a zoonotic source

早期病例是通過動物傳染人。

As of February 25, the animal source has not yet been identified

截至2月25日，尚未查明動物來源。

3. 病毒宿主

Reservoir

Bats appear to be the reservoir of COVID-19 virus, but the intermediate host (s) has not yet been identified

蝙蝠似乎是病毒宿主，但中間宿主尚未查明

4. 傳播途徑

Routes of transmission

The novel coronavirus is transmitted via droplets and formites during close unprotected contact between an infector and infectee

無防護狀態下通過飛沫和密切接觸傳播

It can be envisaged if certain aerosol-generating procedures are conducted in healthcare facilities

醫療機構中或可存在因醫療操作產生氣溶膠而發生空氣傳播

5. 傳播來源

Transmission source

To date, most of the recorded cases were imported from or had direct links to Wuhan/Hubei

絕大多數病例來自武漢或湖北或與之有直接聯系

Community transmission has been very limited. Most locally generated cases have been clustered, the majority of which have occurred in households.

社區傳播非常有限，人際傳播主要在家庭中發生

5. 易感人群

Susceptible group

Everyone is assumed to be susceptible

幾乎人人易感

Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19

中國-世衛組織

新冠肺炎

聯合考察報告

1. 無癥狀感染者

Asymptomatic infections

The proportion of truly asymptomatic infections is unclear

無癥狀感染者的比例尚不明確

Appears to be relatively rare

相對較罕見

2. 患者

Patients

Incubation period: average 5-6 days, range 1-14 days

平均潛伏期5至6天，范圍1至14天

Signs and symptoms: mild respiratory symptoms and fever

癥狀：輕度呼吸道癥狀、發熱等癥狀

Most people infected with the virus have mild disease and can recover. Individuals at the highest risk for severe disease and death include people aged over 60, and those with underlying conditions

輕重癥人群：多數患者為輕癥可痊愈 ，重癥和死亡高位人群為年齡60歲以上，以及患有基礎病者。

3. 封閉場所疫情

Transmission in closed settings

In prisons and hospitals

場所：監獄、醫院等

The close proximity and contact among people in these settings and the potential for environmental contamination are important factors

傳播的重要因素：人際間的密切接觸；潛在的環境污染

4. For the public

對公眾的建議

Outbreaks can be managed with the right response

采取正確的應對措施，疫情爆發就可得到控制。

Frequently wash hands and always cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing

勤洗手、打噴嚏或咳嗽時掩住口鼻

Continually update yourself on COVID-19 and its signs and symptoms

關注新冠肺炎相關的最新信息，不斷調整應對策略

Be prepared to actively support a response to COVID-19

積極參與疫情防控

Adopt stringent “social distancing practices”

嚴格保持“社交距離”

Help the high-risk elderly population

努力幫助老年人等高危人群

5.  The China Response

中國措施

Non-pharmaceutical measures

綜合性非藥物性干預措施

Extremely proactive surveillance to immediately detect cases

開展積極主動監測

Very rapid diagnosis and immediate case isolation

迅速發現并立即診斷、隔離病例

Rigorous tracking and quarantine of close contacts

嚴格追蹤并隔離密切接觸者

An exceptionally high degree of population understanding and acceptance of these measures

引導民眾理解并接受上述措施

6. 成果

Achievements

Provide vital lessons for the global response

為全球應對新冠肺炎提供了重要經驗

Reverse the escalating cases in both Hubei and in an importation provinces

徹底扭轉了湖北和其他地區不斷升級的疫情形勢